The public display of Nazi symbols in support of Nazi ideology was for decades after World War II a rarity in Australia. Yet in recent years there has been a sustained pro­lif­er­a­tion of Nazi symbols and gestures in the public sphere including, but not limited to, displays online. The negative impacts have included threats and menace conveyed to com­munit­ies who are targeted by Nazi hate-ideology, and an under­min­ing of their sense of security, and of social cohesion. Legis­la­tion to ban the public display of Nazi symbols and gestures has been enacted in NSW and Victoria, and Bills are currently under con­sid­er­a­tion in Queens­land and Tasmania, in addition to the current Federal Bill. They take different forms and treat par­tic­u­lar issues dif­fer­ently. Australia has struggled to come up with a best practice model law. In this sub­mis­sion we consider how to define “Nazi symbol”, “public act”, “Nazi gesture” and the mental element of the offence, as well as specific issues such as the con­sti­tu­tion­al head of power, the display of Nazi symbols via body tattoos, the advert­ising and sale of Nazi mem­or­ab­il­ia, defences, police powers and penalties. We also address the need for any legis­la­tion to be com­ple­men­ted by appro­pri­ate measures in school education.