Refer­ring to the 35% increase in anti­se­mit­ic inci­dents last year, ECAJ Research Direc­tor Julie Nathan told SBS News that what is need­ed “is more effec­tive leg­is­la­tion to counter hate-moti­vat­ed attacks against peo­ple. We also need to have laws against advo­cat­ing vio­lence which do not exist at the moment. There are laws against incit­ing vio­lence but that’s a very dif­fer­ent type of law, and basi­cal­ly is not effec­tive in catch­ing peo­ple who are intent on com­mit­ting vio­lence against peo­ple.”